RAILROADS & AMERICA

The First Transcontinental Railroad

Completed in 1869, the first transcontinental railroad transformed travel, commerce and settlement across the United States.

Laying the last rail at Promontory Summit in 1869
Union Pacific officers at the laying of the last rail at Promontory Summit, 1869. Photo: Andrew J. Russell, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

A national connection

Union Pacific built westward while Central Pacific built eastward, meeting at Promontory Summit, Utah.

Economic impact

The railroad sharply reduced travel time between the eastern United States and the Pacific coast.

Human cost and labor

The project depended on difficult and dangerous labor, including major contributions from Chinese railroad workers in the West and diverse workforces elsewhere.

A complicated legacy

The railroad accelerated commerce and migration while also contributing to displacement, environmental change and profound impacts on Indigenous communities.

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