RAILROAD REFERENCE

Locomotive Wheel & Axle Arrangements

Wheel and axle arrangements help identify locomotives and show how designers balanced traction, weight, speed and track requirements.

Diesel notation

North American diesels are often described using AAR notation. B-B locomotives have two powered axles in each of two trucks; C-C locomotives have three powered axles in each truck.

Why six axles?

Six powered axles spread weight and provide additional traction motors, making C-C arrangements common on heavy road-freight locomotives.

Steam notation

Steam locomotives commonly use Whyte notation. A 4-8-4 has four leading wheels, eight drivers and four trailing wheels; Big Boy's 4-8-8-4 notation shows its articulated driving arrangement.

Identification clue

Counting axles, noting truck shape and comparing body length are useful first steps when identifying an unfamiliar locomotive.

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