Quick answer
Fuel use varies widely with locomotive model, throttle setting, train weight, terrain, speed, idling and operating strategy. A locomotive working hard uses far more fuel than one idling or coasting.
Why one gallons-per-hour number is misleading
Locomotives operate through multiple throttle settings and changing terrain. A heavy train climbing a grade has a very different fuel demand from a locomotive waiting in a yard.
Rail efficiency is measured differently
A useful system-wide measure is ton-miles per gallon. The Association of American Railroads reports that freight rail can move one ton of freight nearly 500 miles on a gallon of fuel, on average.
Technology reduces waste
Automatic engine stop-start systems, energy-management software and improved train handling are used to reduce unnecessary idling and fuel consumption.
Keep exploring
Still curious?
Ask Ask the Conductor a railroad question in your own words.
Ask the Conductor