Quick answer
Multiple locomotives can be controlled by one engineer. Units coupled together at the front can use multiple-unit controls, while locomotives farther back in a train can operate as remotely controlled distributed power.
Head-end multiple-unit control
Control connections allow commands from the lead cab to operate trailing locomotives in the consist, so one engineer can command the group.
Distributed power
Remote locomotives in the middle or rear receive coordinated commands from the lead locomotive. They can provide traction and dynamic braking and can assist the train's air system.
Why not put every locomotive up front?
Spreading power through a long train can reduce extreme coupler forces and improve train handling, especially on long or heavy trains and challenging terrain.
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